Present situation and future perspective of buffalo production in America.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
America has a buffalo population of approximately 4 .12 million heads. Its number is growing at the explosive rhythm of 12.7 % per year, well above all other continents. Within this context the different situations of countries in North, Central and, mainly, South Americ a subcontinents are described. They all share a brilliant future for the buffalo. The production systems in North and Central America are described, mainly in the United States, Cuba and Trinidad. And the fist steps of buffaloes in Canada, Mexico, Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and Belice. South American countries production systems are described too. First of all Brazil, a subcontinent itself rearing 3,5 million buffaloes, together with Venezuela and Colombia, during the last 30 years they had a g reat expansion in meat and milk production with buffaloes. In Argentina buffalo meat production increased significantly in the last years, because of the expansion of agriculture,that is displacing animal production toward the tropics, where buffalo is mo re efficient than cattle. The first steps of buffaloes in Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Per˙, Ecuador, Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay and Chile are described.In equatorial, tropical and subtropical areas of America the buffalo has proved to be very superior in productivity compared with cattle, thanks to its very good adaptation to these conditions. And in the temperate areas buffalo is increasing its milk industry, near important urban markets. Thus, american continent has enormous areas available for buffa lo, converting it in an extremely valious tool to achieve prosperity and increase food production of latin american developing countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".