Primary or Secondary Synostosis: The Culmination of the Spondyloarthritis Form of Erosive Arthritis?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When are synostoses congenital in origin and when are they secondary in origin, and the result of fracture healing or an inflammatory process? Maharaj and Chandran 1 suggested the publication of the first documented case of synostosis in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), a form of spondyloarthropathy (SpA). However, synostoses are well represented in the SpA record Fusion of proximal radioulnar and tibiofibular joints are not only documented in current patients with SpA 7 , but have been documented in SpA-afflicted individuals in the archeologic and paleontologic record Recognized in anatomical collections (e.g., Terry collection from the earliest 20th century, curated at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA), the archeologic record documents about a 5% prevalence of this phenomenon among individuals with SpA 3,4,6,9 . A classic example is in the Tate Museum Columbian mammoth (Casper, Wyoming, USA). It clearly had erosions characteristic of SpA, but none present at the fused joint.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.017 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".