Efficient Finite-Difference Time-Domain Modeling of Driven Periodic Structures and Related Microwave Circuit Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The sine-cosine method for the finite-difference time-domain-based dispersion analysis of periodic structures is extended to incorporate the presence of nonperiodic wideband sources. A new formulation of this method is presented to clearly demonstrate that it can be employed for the characterization of periodic structures over a broad bandwidth. Moreover, its coupling with the array-scanning technique enables the incorporation of nonperiodic sources, thus enabling the fast characterization of driven periodic structures in the time domain via a small number of low-cost simulations. The convergence, accuracy, and efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated with its application to the analysis of a negative-refractive-index transmission-line ldquoperfect lensrdquo and the successful comparison of simulated with experimental results. Finally, a modified version of this method is proposed for the accelerated simulation of microwave circuit geometries printed on periodic substrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".