Disruption of Genetic Interaction Between Two Autosomal Regions and the X Chromosome Causes Reproductive Isolation Between Mouse Strains Derived From Different Subspecies
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reproductive isolation that initiates speciation is likely caused by incompatibility among multiple loci in organisms belonging to genetically diverging populations. Laboratory C57BL/6J mice, which predominantly originated from Mus musculus domesticus, and a MSM/Ms strain derived from Japanese wild mice (M. m. molossinus, genetically close to M. m. musculus) are reproductively isolated. Their F1 hybrids are fertile, but successive intercrosses result in sterility. A consomic strain, C57BL/6J-ChrX(MSM), which carries the X chromosome of MSM/Ms in the C57BL/6J background, shows male sterility, suggesting a genetic incompatibility of the MSM/Ms X chromosome and other C57BL/6J chromosome(s). In this study, we conducted genomewide linkage analysis and subsequent QTL analysis using the sperm shape anomaly that is the major cause of the sterility of the C57BL/6J-ChrX(MSM) males. These analyses successfully detected significant QTL on chromosomes 1 and 11 that interact with the X chromosome. The introduction of MSM/Ms chromosomes 1 and 11 into the C57BL/6J-ChrX(MSM) background failed to restore the sperm-head shape, but did partially restore fertility. This result suggests that this genetic interaction may play a crucial role in the reproductive isolation between the two strains. A detailed analysis of the male sterility by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and zona-free in vitro fertilization demonstrated that the C57BL/6J-ChrX(MSM) spermatozoa have a defect in penetration through the zona pellucida of eggs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it