Onset of Darcy–Brinkman double-diffusive convection in a magnetized ferrofluid layer using a thermal non-equilibrium model: a nonlinear stability analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a nonlinear stability analysis of a double-diffusive convection in a magnetized ferrofluid layer confined between stress-free boundaries using a thermal non-equilibrium model by the energy method.A Darcy-Brinkman model is used for the momentum equation and a two-field model is used for the energy equation, each representing the solid and fluid phases separately.The mathematical emphasis is on how to control the nonlinear terms caused by magnetic body and inertia forces.The effects of the interface heat transfer coefficient (H ), magnetic parameter (M 3 ), Darcy-Brinkman number ( Da) and porosity-modified conductivity ratio (γ ) on the onset of ferroconvection in the presence of solute (S ) have been analysed.For all the cases studied, it is found that solute gradient enhances the stability of the system.A comparison with linear instability theory shows that there is a difference between the critical Rayleigh numbers and thus indicates the possibility of the existence of a subcritical instability region for ferrofluids.However, for non-ferrofluids stability and instability boundaries coincide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".