Evidence of an Asia to North America dispersal of palynomorphs in the Late Cretaceous
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fossil pollen genus Morinoipollenites has been frequently reported in strata from the Upper Cretaceous of northern China and southeastern Russia. Pollen grains belonging to a single fossil species, Morinoipollenites normalis, have been only rarely encountered in Upper Cretaceous strata of North America. Just five specimens of Morinoipollenites have been recovered from sites of definite or probable Maastrichtian age in Alaska, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Colorado. It is argued that the rarity in North America, common Asian occurrences, large size of pollen grains, and complex morphology of the pollen favour these pollen grains having been transported to North America from Asia by some vector. The transporting vector would most likely have been a flying organism based on the life styles of the producing plants and transporting organisms, long distance of transport, and morphology of the pollen grains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".