Neutrophils released from the bone marrow by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor sequester in lung microvessels but are slow to migrate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) release polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) from the bone marrow. This growth factor is used to promote the host response to infection but its effect on the behaviour of leukocytes at the inflammatory site is unclear. This study examined the sequestration and migration of PMNL released from the bone marrow by G-CSF in a model of streptococcal pneumonia. Eight hours following the administration of either human G-CSF (n=6) or saline (n=3) in rabbits, a focal Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia was induced and the animals were followed for 2 h. The thymidine analogue 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to label PMNL (PMNL(BrdU)) in the marrow and as a marker of PMNL newly released by the bone marrow. The PMNL(BrdU) in the lung and blood were identified using immunohistochemistry. G-CSF pretreatment elevated the circulating PMNL (3.6+/-0.4 (mean+/-SEM) to 8.3+/-1X10(9) x L(-1), p<0.05) and PMNL(BrdU) (5.4+/-2.1 to 12.5+/-3.1%, p<0.05) counts at 8 h with little further increase caused by the subsequent 2 h pneumonia. These counts did not change in the control group. Morphometric studies of the lung showed that the total number of PMNL sequestered in lung capillaries were increased in the G-CSF group and the percentage of the these PMNL that were BrdU-labelled, was higher than in circulating blood (p<0.05). In the G-CSF group, only 11.2+/-2.6% of the PMNL that migrated into the airspaces were PMNL(BrdU) compared to 50.8+/-8% PMNL(BrdU) in the pulmonary capillaries. In vitro studies showed PMNL(BrdU) released from the bone marrow by G-CSF are less deformable than unlabelled circulating PMNL (p<0.01). It is concluded that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment causes the marrow to release polymorphonuclear leukocytes that preferentially sequester in lung microvessels but are slow to migrate out of the vascular space into the airspace at the pneumonic site.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".