Survival motor neuron (SMN) protein: role in neurite outgrowth and neuromuscular maturation during neuronal differentiation and development
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Childhood spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common neuromuscular disorder caused by absent or deficient full-length survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Clinical studies and animal models suggest that SMA is a developmental defect in neuromuscular interaction; however, the role of SMN in this process remains unclear. In the present study, we have determined the subcellular localization of SMN during retinoic-acid-induced neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonal teratocarcinoma P19 cells as well as in skeletal muscle during the critical period of neuromuscular maturation. We demonstrate, for the first time, SMN accumulation in growth-cone- and filopodia-like structures in both neuronal- and glial-like cells, identifying SMN as a new growth cone marker. Indeed, SMN was present at the leading edge of neurite outgrowths, suggesting that SMN may play a role in this process. In addition, SMN was detected as small dot-like particles within the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle during the first 2 weeks after birth, but their number peaked by P6. Intense SMN staining in neuromuscular junctions was observed throughout the entire postnatal period examined. Taken together, these results suggest that SMN may indeed fulfill neuronal- and muscle-specific functions, providing a more plausible mechanism explaining motor neuron degeneration and associated denervation atrophy of skeletal muscles in SMA. The primary SMA pathology most likely initiates in the peripheral axon--the result of deficient neurite outgrowth and/or neuromuscular maturation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it