Evaluation of Electrolyte Salts and Solvents for Na-Ion Batteries in Symmetric Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cycle life of NaCrO 2 in NaPF 6 and NaTFSI in PC and EC/DEC (1/2 v/v) electrolytes were studied in half-cells and symmetric cells. Half-cells were found to be not useful for evaluating the cycling performance due to impedance growth at the Na foil electrode. Symmetric cells containing no Na foil were found to be more useful when used for cycling performance evaluation instead of half-cells. NaCrO 2 in 1M NaTFSI in PC and NaPF 6 in EC/DEC electrolytes performed well in symmetric cells, having coulombic efficiencies of 99.94% and greater. We believe that these are the highest coulombic efficiencies reported for Na-ion battery materials. In contrast, half-cell performance did not reflect the cycling performance of NaCrO 2 and had no correlation to the symmetric cell performance. This illustrates the importance of symmetric cells for the evaluation of Na-ion battery materials. In addition to these findings, it was found that 1M NaTFSI salt solutions caused significant corrosion of the Al current collector, which could be suppressed by additions of NaPF 6 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".