Uniform energy distribution for an isoperimetric problem with long-range interactions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We study minimizers of a nonlocal variational problem. The problem is a mathematical paradigm for the ubiquitous phenomenon of energy-driven pattern formation induced by competing short- and long-range interactions. The short-range interaction is attractive and comes from an interfacial energy, and the long-range interaction is repulsive and comes from a nonlocal energy contribution. In particular, the problem is the sharp interface version of a problem used to model microphase separation of diblock copolymers. A natural conjecture is that in all space dimensions, minimizers are essentially periodic on an intrinsic scale. However, proving any periodicity result turns out to be a formidable task in dimensions larger than one. In this paper, we address a weaker statement concerning the distribution of energy for minimizers. We prove in any space dimension that each component of the energy (interfacial and nonlocal) of any minimizer is uniformly distributed on cubes which are sufficiently large with respect to the intrinsic length scale. Moreover, we also prove an <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L Superscript normal infinity"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">L^\infty</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> bound on the optimal potential associated with the long-range interactions. This bound allows for an interesting interpretation: Note that the average volume fraction of the optimal pattern in a subsystem of size <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> fluctuates around the system average <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . The bound on the potential yields a rate of decay of these fluctuations as <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> tends to <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="plus normal infinity"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">+\infty</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . This rate of decay is stronger than the one for a random checkerboard pattern. In this sense, the optimal pattern has less large-scale variations of the average volume fraction than a pattern with a finite correlation length.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it