Substorm onset location and the equatorward boundary of the proton auroral oval
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An examination of the substorm onset location inferred from Polar UVI and the location of the equatorward boundary of the proton auroral oval inferred from ground based SuperDARN radars is presented. A study of 96 individual substorm events reveals that the substorms can be initiated either near the equatorward boundary of the proton auroral oval or far poleward of the equatorward boundary of the proton auroral oval depending on the preceding interplanetary conditions. When the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) is predominantly southward prior to the substorm onset, the onset location is near the equatorward boundary of the proton auoral oval; when the IMF is predominantly northward prior to the onset; the onset location is far poleward of the equatorward boundary of the proton auroral oval. The latitudinal separation (ΔΛ) between the onset location and the equatorward boundary of the proton auroral oval shows a linear dependence on the IMF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".