Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel induces neovascularization and improves cardiac function in a rat model of myocardial infarction
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The use of stem cells in cardiac regeneration is still limited due to low cellular integration and engraftment rates. Consequently, there has been a spurt in research on developing alternative regenerative therapies. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix that is non-immunogenic, and has been implicated in various wound-healing functions such as angiogenesis and inflammation modulation, making it an ideal candidate for regenerative biomaterials. In this study, we examine the potential of acellular hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel in improving cardiac function post-myocardial infarction in a rat model. METHODS: Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel was injected into the peri-infarct region post-myocardial infarction induction in Lewis rats. Cardiac function in control (n = 10) and gel-injected groups (n = 10) was evaluated up to 4 weeks post-myocardial infarction. Evaluation of cardiac function was conducted using transthoracic echocardiography. Histological analysis of scar area was evaluated via haematoxylin and eosin (H & E), and Sirius red staining. Neovascularization was detected using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) staining. RESULTS: Evaluation of cardiac function using transthoracic echocardiography revealed a 18.2% (P < 0.01) increase in ejection fraction in gel-injected groups when compared with the control group, almost returning the ejection fraction to baseline levels (preop). Histological analysis of scar area by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and Sirius red staining demonstrated decreased scarring, and a 22.6% (P < 0.01) decrease in collagen deposition in the gel-injected group compared with the control group. VEGF staining indicated a significant increase in novel vasculature formation in hydrogel-injected groups when compared with control. CONCLUSIONS: Due to its regenerative potential, hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel provides a promising novel therapy to be used alone, or as a scaffold delivering a variety of drugs or cells to combat heart disease in a multifaceted approach.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it