Front-Line Police Perceptions of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in a Canadian Province
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports findings from police interviews regarding understandings of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) including the challenges this presents at the front line. The project investigates police perceptions, as individuals with FASD can have disproportionate contact with justice systems. Inconsistent with expectations, officers expressed understandings of FASD. Police reported the need for more training or information for when they encounter individuals with FASD. Practice-oriented solutions, including training developed and delivered by experienced officers, is posited to respond to unmet needs. The findings offer new insight into officer perceptions that has practical implications for front-line training and practice. To date there is limited research on how police understand FASD. This project helps fill the gap. The research has value beyond discussions of FASD. Similar to the challenges of working with persons with mental illness, there is a need for innovative front-line approaches to better address divergent client needs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.022 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".