Salt-mediated kinetics of the self-assembly of gold nanorods end-tethered with polymer ligands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies on the self-assembly of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of ions are motivated by the biosensing applications of NP clusters and the capability to control the morphology of clusters of oppositely charged NPs. The effect of ions has been explored for the self-assembly of metal NPs capped solely with ionic ligands, whereas, in general, the surface of NPs can be coated with a mixture of ligands interacting with each other by non-electrostatic forces. In the present work, we examined the kinetics of self-assembly of gold nanorods capped with a mixture of low-molecular weight ionic molecules and nonpolar polymer ligands. We show that in contrast with earlier reports on the effect of electrolytes on NP self-assembly, the driving force for the accelerated self-assembly of nanorods is the reduction in polymer solubility in the presence of ions, rather than the screening of the electric double layer of the charged ligands. The reported results are important for NP self-assembly occurring in mixed solvents, in which attraction forces between nonpolar ligands are governed by the balance between solvent-solvent and solvent-salt interactions. Furthermore, the addition of salts can be used to increase the rate of nanorod self-assembly, which, otherwise, is an intrinsically slow process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".