Technology Adoption and Innovation of E-Government in Republic of Iraq
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electronic government (EG) refers to a computer application employed in government activities and operations,where both government and the public are enabled to interact and transact online. The practicability of EG hasnot been largely explored in the context of Iraq, owing to the conflicting activities it has been experiencing in thepast few years. Prior to EG adoption, variables have to be examined such as infrastructure, social factors,security, skills, users’ behavior etc. The present study aims at examining the related variables that couldpotentially bar the EG services adoption in Iraq with the help of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use ofTechnology (UTAUT). Three independent variables are examined namely effort expectancy, performanceexpectancy, and social influence – the influence of these variables on the EG services uses as the dependentvariable is examined. The study proposes a quantitative examination of the EG services usage behavior with datagathered from Iraq. The study findings are then discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".