A high-fructose diet worsens eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy in experimental volume overload
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) can be affected by diet manipulation. Concentric LVH resulting from pressure overload can be worsened by feeding rats with a high-fructose diet. Eccentric LVH is a different type of hypertrophy and is associated with volume overload (VO) diseases. The impact of an abnormal diet on the development of eccentric LVH and on ventricular function in chronic VO is unknown. This study therefore examined the effects of a fructose-rich diet on LV eccentric hypertrophy, ventricular function, and myocardial metabolic enzymes in rats with chronic VO caused by severe aortic valve regurgitation (AR). Wistar rats were divided in four groups: sham-operated on control diet (SC; n = 13) or fructose-rich diet (SF; n = 13) and severe aortic regurgitation fed with the same diets [aortic regurgitation on control diet (ARC), n = 16, and aortic regurgitation on fructose-rich diet (ARF), n = 13]. Fructose-rich diet was started 1 wk before surgery, and the animals were euthanized 9 wk later. SF and ARF had high circulating triglycerides. ARC and ARF developed significant LV eccentric hypertrophy after 8 wk as expected. However, ARF developed more LVH than ARC. LV ejection fraction was slightly lower in the ARF compared with ARC. The increased LVH and decreased ejection fraction could not be explained by differences in hemodynamic load. SF, ARC, and ARF had lower phosphorylation levels of the AMP kinase compared with SC. A fructose-rich diet worsened LV eccentric hypertrophy and decreased LV function in a model of chronic VO caused by AR in rats. Normal animals fed the same diet did not develop these abnormalities. Hypertriglyceridemia may play a central role in this phenomenon as well as AMP kinase activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".