Humboldt Penguins Spheniscus Humboldti Change Their Foraging Behaviour Following Breeding Failure
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
At Punta San Juan, Peru, we examined the foraging behaviour of three Humboldt Penguins Spheniscus humboldti following breeding failure, and we compared that behaviour with the behaviour of 22 breeding birds with chicks.Failed breeders appear to take longer foraging trips, to make deeper and longer dives and to dive less often per hour at sea than breeding birds do.We suggest that failed breeders either take longer foraging trips to reduce the number of trips they make to the colony, which reduces the costs of transit, or they travel to more distant foraging areas, as documented for Chile.Study of non-breeding birds that have successfully fledged young would help to clarify the differences in foraging behaviour between non-breeding and breeding birds.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it