Effects of census duration on estimates of winter bird abundance and species richness along line transects in coastal coniferous forest fragments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the effects of varying census duration on line transect estimates of winter bird abundance and species richness in second-growth coastal western hemlock forest fragments in Vancouver, British Columbia. Three treatments of census duration (12 min, 18 min and 24 min) were compared on 200 m-long transects at three study sites over three fortnights in a replicated latin square experimental design. Overall, census duration affected the number of individual birds and bird species detected. The number of individual birds detected increased significantly with census duration from 12 min to 18 min but not from 18 min to 24 min. The number of bird species detected also increased with census duration, although the increase was significant only between 12 min and 24 min. The results suggest that for winter bird counts in coastal western hemlock forest, a census duration of 18 min for a 200 m-long transect is most efficient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".