16-Channel Integrated Potentiostat for Distributed Neurochemical Sensing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the architecture and VLSI circuit implementation of a BiCMOS potentiostat bank for monitoring neurotransmitter concentration on a screen-printed carbon electrode array. The potentiostat performs simultaneous acquisition of bidirectional reduction-oxidation currents proportional to neurotransmitter concentration on 16 independent channels at controlled redox potentials. Programmable current gain control yields over 100-dB cross-scale dynamic range with 46-pA input-referred rms noise over 12-kHz bandwidth. The cutoff frequency of a second-order log-domain anti-aliasing filter ranges from 50 Hz to 400 kHz. Track-and-hold current integration is triggered at the sampling rate between dc and 200 kHz. A 2.25-mmtimes2.25-mm prototype was fabricated in a 1.2-mum VLSI technology and dissipates 12.5 mW. Chronoamperometry dopamine concentration measurements results are given. Other types of neurotransmitters can be selected by adjusting the redox potential on the electrodes and the surface properties of the sensor coating
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".