A Circular Patch Resonator for the Measurement of Microwave Permittivity of Nematic Liquid Crystal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a method of performing microwave characterizations of nematic liquid crystals using a circular patch resonator and finite-element software. This technique, which is based on inferring material properties from measured resonances, was demonstrated with BL006 (a nematic liquid-crystal mixture) over the frequency range of 4.8-8.7 GHz. The resonator comprises a thin liquid-crystal sample between a ground plane and a directly coupled inverted patch. The coupling-line design minimizes resonator loading and reflections from substrate impedance discontinuities, and the liquid crystal is aligned with rubbed surfaces and low-frequency voltages. The permittivity is found with simulations that iteratively narrow the difference between the measured and computed resonances. The computed values for BL006 agree well with those found in the literature. This method benefits from simple resonator construction, straightforward simulations, and accuracy that derives from the finite element's detailed modeling of coupling and geometry of the fabricated device.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".