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Record W2134125008 · doi:10.1506/ap.6.3.1

The Make‐Believe World of Future Income Taxes/L'univers Fictif Des Impôts Futurs

2007· article· en· W2134125008 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.

Bibliographic record

VenueAccounting Perspectives · 2007
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicFinancial Reporting and Valuation Research
Canadian institutionsYork University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTaxable incomeCreditorEconomicsLiabilityAsset (computer security)Cash flowBalance sheetIncome taxValue (mathematics)AmortizationActuarial scienceAccountingDebtFinancePublic economics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT Accounting for corporate income taxes has been controversial for almost half a century. Comprehensive interperiod allocation of income tax expense originally was based on the matching concept. In more recent times, the focus has shifted to the definitions of assets and liabilities. The definitional approach has raised the income tax measurement issue anew. This paper discusses future income taxes (FIT) from a definitional perspective. The paper argues that an FIT credit balance is not a liability because (a) the implied future cash flow depends on future operations and (b) there is no creditor, either explicit or implicit. As well, because the necessary conditions for a cash outflow are not reliably measurable, FIT credit balances are contingent at best. Similarly, a question arises as to whether FIT debit balances are valid assets. Their realization depends on future events; the FIT debit balance is not a separately identifiable asset from which the corporation can obtain a future benefit. Its realization depends on the existence of future taxable income, and thus its recognition means recognizing a contingent gain, which is not a generally accepted accounting practice. The “value” of the FIT debit balance is not a fair value, a market value, or a net realizable value. It cannot be traded off. It is a deferred charge, not an asset. Future income tax is a holdover from the days when matching was a dominant approach. Rationalizing FIT assets and liabilities within the definitional approach is a force‐fit that does not serve accounting well. RÉSUMÉ La comptabilisation de l'impôt des sociétés soulève la controverse depuis près d'un demi‐siècle. La méthode du report d'impôts intégral était fondée à l'origine sur le principe du rattachement des charges aux produits. Plus récemment, cependant, l'intérêt a bifurqué vers la définition de l'actif et du passif, ce qui a remis à l'ordre du jour la question de la mesure des impôts sur les bénéfices. L'auteur analyse les impôts futurs sous l'angle définitionnel. Selon lui, le solde créditeur des impôts futurs n'est pas un passif car a) le flux de trésorerie futur implicite dépend de l'exploitation future et b) il n'existe de créancier ni explicite ni implicite. Aussi, puisque les conditions nécessaires à une sortie de fonds ne peuvent être évaluées avec un degré de fiabilité raisonnable, les soldes créditeurs d'impôts futurs sont, au mieux, éventuels. La même question se pose quant à la validité de l'actif que constitue le solde débiteur d'impôts futurs. Sa réalisation dépend d'événements futurs; ce n'est pas un actif identifiable distinct dont l'entreprise pourrait tirer un avantage futur. Sa réalisation dépend de l'existence de bénéfices imposables futurs, et sa constatation exige donc la comptabilisation d'un gain éventuel, ce qui ne s'inscrit pas dans les principes comptables généralement reconnus. La «valeur » du solde débiteur d'impôts futurs n'est ni une juste valeur ni une valeur de marché, ni même une valeur de réalisation nette. Elle ne peut faire l'objet d'un échange. Il s'agit d'une charge reportée, non d'un actif. Les impôts futurs sont un vestige de l'époque où le rattachement des charges aux produits était le principe dominant. La rationalisation des actifs et des passifs d'impôt futurs dans le cadre de l'approche définitionnelle est une contrainte qui ne sert pas la comptabilité.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.242
Threshold uncertainty score0.823

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.287
Teacher spread0.269 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it