Healthcare CEOs' Leadership Style and Patient Safety
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concern about patient safety in healthcare has generally concentrated on the clinical actions and behaviors of the front line staff, those at the so-called ‘sharp end’ or operational level of the institution who provide direct patient care. Workers and their supervisors receive the most scrutiny due to their proximity to adverse events and many interventions, for example training and error/incident reporting systems are targeted at this level of staff. Cultural assessment tools also often focus exclusively on direct care providers. What is frequently overlooked is the role of senior leaders (e.g. Chief Executive Officer (CEO)) and the influence their style and priorities can have on patient safety. This study presents some of the first data on healthcare CEOs' leadership style with respect to patient safety in the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada. We found that transformational leadership and contingent reward were significantly correlated with perceptions of safety climate at executive director level. Furthermore, healthcare CEOs who routinely prioritized patient safety were rated significantly higher on safety climate by the executive directors who report to them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".