Electrochemical impedance study of the polymerization of pyrrole on high surface area carbon electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polymerization of pyrrole on a Vulcan XC-72 carbon black coated glassy carbon electrode was performed using potentiodynamic and galvanostatic regimes in an aqueous solution of 0.5 M pyrrole and 0.5 M NaClO(4). Responses of the electrodes prepared under different conditions were recorded using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that voltammograms of electrodes prepared galvanostatically showed a reversible oxidation-reduction of the polypyrrole. The redox waves became less reversible, characterized by greater peak separations, when the electrodes were prepared potentiodynamically. These observations were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which revealed significant charge transfer resistances for the electrodes prepared potentiodynamically. The bulk resistances of the electrodes prepared by the two methods also differed, both in magnitude and their dependence on the polypyrrole loading and potential. These differences, in combination with scanning electron microscopy and voltammograms recorded during potentiodynamic polymerization, were used to elucidate differences in the structures of the polypyrrole-carbon black composites. The polymerization voltammograms showed a two-step nucleation on the carbon black coated electrodes rather than the one-step polymerization on a bare electrode. This was attributed to initial polymerization on the carbon particles followed by sustained polymerization on top of the carbon black layer. More uniform deposition of polypyrrole on the full area of the carbon particles was achieved by slow galvanostatic polymerization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".