Intracellular signaling pathways involved in Gas6-Axl-mediated survival of endothelial cells
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gas6 is a gamma-carboxylated ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl. Gas6-Axl interactions can rescue endothelial cells from apoptosis, and this study examined the intracellular signaling mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon. Using flow cytometry, we first confirmed that Gas6 can abrogate apoptosis induced by serum starvation of primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This effect is mediated through phosphorylation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt, with maximal phosphorylation observed after 4 h of treatment with 100 ng/ml Gas6. Inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and abrogation of gas6-mediated survival of HUVECs by wortmannin implicated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase as the mediator of Akt phosphorylation. Dominant negative Akt constructs largely abrogated the protective effect of Gas6 on HUVECs, underscoring the importance of Akt activation in Gas6-mediated survival. Several downstream regulators of this survival pathway were identified in HUVECs, namely, NF-kappaB as well as the antiapoptotic and proapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and caspase 3, respectively. We showed that NF-kappaB is phosphorylated early after Gas6 treatment as evidenced by doublet formation on Western blotting. As well, the level of Bcl-2 protein increased, supporting the notion that the Bcl-2 antiapoptotic pathway is stimulated. The levels of expression of the caspase 3 activation products p12 and p20 decreased with Gas6 treatment, consistent with a reduction in proapoptotic caspase 3 activation. Taken together, these experiments provide new information about the mechanism underlying Gas6 protection from apoptosis in primary endothelial cell cultures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it