L-Selectin Facilitates Emigration and Extravascular Locomotion of Leukocytes During Acute Inflammatory Responses In Vivo
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
L-selectin has been shown to be important in mediating leukocyte recruitment during inflammatory responses. Although there are numerous in vitro studies demonstrating that engagement of L-selectin leads to the activation of several signaling pathways potentially contributing to subsequent adhesion, emigration, or even migration through the interstitium, whether this actually induces cellular events in vivo is completely unknown. Therefore, we used intravital microscopy to visualize the role of L-selectin in downstream leukocyte adhesion, emigration, and interstitial migration events in wild-type and L-selectin-deficient (L-selectin(-/-)) mice. The cremaster muscle was superfused with the chemotactic inflammatory mediators platelet-activating factor or KC. Leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and emigration in postcapillary venules were examined, and the migration of emigrated leukocytes was recorded continuously using time-lapse videomicroscopy. Platelet-activating factor increased leukocyte adhesion to a similar level in both wild-type and L-selectin(-/-) mice. In contrast, both the number of emigrated leukocytes and the distance of extravascular migration were significantly reduced in L-selectin(-/-) mice. A similar pattern was observed in response to the superfusion of KC. Because superfusion of these mediators induced chemokinesis, we developed a new in vivo chemotaxis assay using slow release of KC from an agarose gel positioned 350 microm from a postcapillary venule. These experiments showed that L-selectin(-/-) leukocytes were also severely impaired in their ability to respond to a directional cue. These findings indicate that L-selectin is important in enabling leukocytes to respond effectively to chemotactic stimuli in inflamed tissues.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it