Microfilaments and microtubules maintain endothelial integrity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The endothelium is a highly metabolic monolayer of cells regulating numerous physiological and pathological functions that maintain the permeability and thromboresistant functions of the endothelium. The structure and function of the endothelial cytoskeleton prevents vascular disease by regulating the structure of the endothelium to act as a resting molecular barrier to atherogenic proteins and by becoming an activated layer of migrating cells to repair denuding injuries. The purpose of this review is to examine the structure of the endothelial cytoskeleton and its roles in cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion, cell signaling, and regulation of wound repair. Studies focused on the cellular and molecular biology of the structure and function of the endothelial cytoskeleton and in wound repair are reviewed. The cytoskeleton is a key regulator in maintaining endothelial integrity and in restoring integrity following injurious denudation, such as those that occur in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Actin microfilaments and their associated adherens junctions and focal adhesions are important regulators of cell signaling, cell locomotion, cell adhesion, and wound repair mechanisms. Various proteins have been implicated in controlling cytoskeletal-based endothelial function and repair such as tyrosine kinases/phosphatases and the Rho family of proteins. The normal function of the endothelium is highly dependent on the endothelial cytoskeleton. Disruption and dysfunction of the cytoskeleton may result in impairment of endothelial function, subsequently tipping the balance towards vascular disease. Thus, an understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of the endothelial cytoskeleton is essential in our understanding of the pathogenesis of vascular disease, especially atherosclerosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".