Bibliographic record
Abstract
Through an historical biographical lens, this article examines the career of an early Canadian social worker, Bessie Touzel (1904–1997). Touzel was a socialist feminist and practiced a left-leaning form of social work during the formative years of the profession. This was in tension with the earlier dominant ideas based on an imperial Anglo-Christian worldview. Two world wars, the Great Depression, and the establishment of the welfare state in Canada are the backdrop to contested ideas on the identity of the newly establishing female-dominated profession. As a woman in senior administration in early public social services, Touzel was a feminist pioneer with a vision of equal rights within a framework of universal rights. A closer look at her career illuminates not only the obstacles and challenges she faced as she strove to defend her personal social work values but also highlights the debates, which the profession struggled to reconcile.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.097 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".