Contribution of Multi-Frequency, Multi-Sensor, and Multi-Temporal Radar Data to Operational Annual Crop Mapping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Information on agricultural land use (crop inventory) is needed by various organizations on an annual basis. To meet this operational requirement, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) has carried out a multi-year (2004 - 2007), multi-sensor (Landsat TM, SPOT, RADARSAT-1, ASAR), and multi-site (five provinces: Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba, P.E.I.) research activity to develop a robust methodology to inventory crops across Canada's large and diverse agricultural landscapes. Results clearly demonstrated that multi-temporal satellite data can successfully classify crops for a variety of cropping systems across Canada. Overall accuracies of at least 85% were achieved. When available, multi-temporal (2 to 3 scenes acquired at different growth stages) optical data are ideal for crop classification. However due to cloud and haze interference, good optical data are not always obtainable. A SAR-optical combination offers a good alternative. This research has found that when only one optical image is available, the addition of two ASAR images acquired in VV/VH polarization will provide acceptable accuracies. Of particular interest is the observation that with the incorporation of radar, crop inventories can be delivered earlier in the growing season.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".