The SOL time theory: a formalization of structured temporal objects and repetition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose to formally represent time with structured temporal objects. Structured temporal objects denote related time intervals (and recursively, related temporal objects) which are conceived as structured objects, rather than relations among such intervals. The major emphasis in this approach is on temporal repetition. To that effect, a new temporal object, the time loop, is defined. The intent of a time loop is to capture a structured notion of repetition. We propose a first order theory formalizing these objects. The building blocks of this formalism are time intervals and Allen's qualitative interval relations. We prove a number of key desirable results including the consistency of the theory, and extensively compare expressions in this theory with previous related work. We argue that this theory presents temporality and temporal repetition in a simple, commonsense manner. Furthermore, we argue that it presents an alternative, succinct and more general view than previous proposals to represent temporal repetition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".