Precocial maturation of male sockeye salmon in the Fraser River, British Columbia, and its relationship to growth and year-class strength
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We analyzed historical data on the age structure and abundance of males in 22 populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Fraser River, British Columbia, to determine geographical and temporal patterns of precocial maturation, its relationship with growth and maturation at other ages, and the value of precocial males as indicators of year-class strength. Most Fraser sockeye males spend two winters at sea before maturing at 3-5 years of age. Precocial males return to spawn at 2, 3, or 4 years of age (ages 0.1, 1.1, and 2.1) and comprised <1 to >33% of male brood year returns among populations. Precocity was lowest among populations that spawned far upstream and highest among populations spawning to the west of the main Fraser River and was not correlated with migration distance. Precocial maturation was related to growth during the second summer in the ocean to brood line and to brood line abundance. The combination of brood line, abundance, and size of precocial males accounted for more than 75% of the variation in total returns in four populations, suggesting that these variables might be used to predict abundance 1 year in advance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".