Identification and localization of a putative ATP-binding cassette transporter in sea lice (<i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i>) and host Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Some members of the ABC-transporter superfamily, such as P-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance associated protein, may confer resistance to the avermectin subclass of macrocyclic lactones. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of ABC transporters in both sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and its Atlantic salmon host (Salmo salar) using monoclonal antibodies (C219 and JSB-1, with high selectivity for P-gp) and a new polyclonal antibody (SL0525) generated against a putative sea louse ABC transporter. The antibody raised to SL0525 did not react with rat P-gp, suggesting that an ABC transporter, not necessarily P-gp, was isolated. C219 was the only antibody to localize P-gp in all 3 salmon tissues (intestine, kidney and liver). American lobster (Homarus americanus) was used as a reference crustacean for L. salmonis immunostaining reactions and showed positive staining in the hepatopancreatic and intestinal tissues with all 3 antibodies. The L. salmonis showed positive staining in the intestinal epithelial lining with all antibodies. This report represents the first documented evidence for the expression of ABC transporters in L. salmonis, its Atlantic salmon host, and the American lobster.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".