Postconsumer high‐density polyethylene/agave fiber foamed composites coated with chitosan for the removal of heavy metals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Composites of postconsumer high‐density polyethylene with agave fiber were prepared by single‐screw extrusion with azodicarbonamide as a foaming agent to increase the surface area; the composite pellets were coated with chitosan afterward. A chemical pretreatment was applied to the pellets to enhance the chitosan gel compatibility. The adsorption capacities of the composites coated with chitosan were evaluated for Cd(II) and Cu(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The coated composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to measure metal uptake in batch adsorption studies. The results of this study demonstrated the composites' ability to immobilize chitosan on their surfaces and their capacity to adsorb metal ions. The equilibrium isotherms for Cd(II) and Cu(II) adsorption on the chitosan‐coated composites were described by the Langmuir model. This material represents an attractive low‐cost recycled material for adsorbing metal ions from polluted waters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".