Cross-Cultural Validation of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in U.S. and Peruvian Populations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cross-cultural relevance of alexithymia, a psychological construct related to emotional expressiveness, is explored through construct validation using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and two theoretically related concepts – patient self-disclosure (SD) and private selfconsciousness (PSC) – among English-speaking Americans ( N= 333) and Spanish-speaking Peruvians ( N= 228). In the American sample, the TAS-20 showed psychometric properties similar to those reported elsewhere with North American and European samples. However, with the Peruvian sample, the Spanish version of the TAS-20 had low internal consistency, low mean inter-item correlations and the original three-factor structure could not be duplicated. Semi-structured interviews with Peruvian informants ( n= 10) point to difficulties responding to negatively keyed items and low reliance on introspection when describing affective states. In light of these findings, issues related to translation adequacy, measurement error and cross-cultural equivalence in construct operationalization are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".