Bibliographic record
Abstract
Twenty-four masonry prisms, including both grouted and hollow specimens, were tested to investigate the strain gradient effect on masonry compressive strength. Results showed that a reduction in load capacity as a result of an increase in eccentricity is more significant for grouted prisms than for their hollow counterparts. At a relatively large eccentricity to thickness ratio, e/t, hollow prisms attained a higher ultimate load than grouted prisms. Compressive stresses calculated at the extreme fibre using linear elastic analysis showed that the strain gradient effect increases with an increase in the eccentricity for grouted prisms, whereas the increase is marginal for hollow prisms. Coefficients for the equivalent stress distribution block, based on experimental stress–strain curves, were obtained for prisms under eccentric loading. An evaluation of the rectangular stress block used in both the American design code and Canadian design standard showed that the rectangular stress block provides an adequate and somewhat conservative estimate of masonry compressive strength and this conservatism increases as the strain gradient effect increases.Key words: masonry, strain gradient, eccentricity, compression, prisms, rectangular stress block, code, standard.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".