Images in vascular medicine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection is a rare complication of major trauma,1,2 typically presenting soon after injury with symptoms of major stroke.3 ICA dissections also occur following minor trauma, and may present with more trivial symptoms, typically headache associated with focal neurological signs. The classic triad of Horner’s syndrome and pain, followed by cerebral or retinal ischaemic symptoms, is present in only about 20% of patients with ICA dissection.4 In cases of major trauma, disruption of the ICA is often present on initial trauma CT scanning, or becomes apparent early following the development of symptoms suggestive of cerebral ischaemia or infarction reflecting disruption of the ICA. It appears to be much less common for ICA dissection to present with focal neurological signs late following major trauma, as in the case outlined below. A previously well 36-year-old motorcyclist was thrown from his bike into a passing car, sustaining multiple leftsided long bone and pelvic fractures which required extensive ortho-plastic reconstruction and a prolonged stay on the intensive care unit. Two left neck lacerations were explored surgically at initial presentation; the carotid sheath was intact. As the patient recovered he reported some visual loss in the left eye. Clinical examination revealed a Panel A
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.697 | 0.426 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".