Down‐regulation of the human kallikrein gene 5 (<i>KLK5</i>) in prostate cancer tissues
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases with diverse physiological functions. Many kallikrein genes are differentially expressed in various malignancies and prostate specific antigen (PSA; encoded by the KLK3 gene) is the best tumor marker for prostate cancer. Human glandular kallikrein (hK2; encoded by the KLK2 gene) is an emerging tumor marker for prostate cancer. KLK5 is a newly discovered human kallikrein gene which shares a high degree of homology and is located adjacent to KLK2 and KLK3 genes on chromosome 19q13.4. Like KLK2 and KLK3, the KLK5 gene is regulated by steroid hormones in the BT-474 breast cancer cell line. We have previously shown that KLK5 is differentially expressed in ovarian and breast cancer. METHODS: We compared the expression of KLK5 in 29 pairs of histologically confirmed normal and prostate cancer tissues by quantitative RT-PCR using the LightCycler technology. RESULTS: KLK5 expression was significantly lower in cancer tissues compared to their normal counterparts. Lowest levels of expression were found in T3 stage tumors compared with T1 and T2. Also, a significant negative correlation was found between Gleason score and KLK5 expression. CONCLUSIONS: KLK5 should be further studied as a potential new prognostic marker in prostate cancer, whose expression is negatively correlated with cancer aggressiveness.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it