Assessing and addressing the re-eutrophication of Lake Erie: Central basin hypoxia
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A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
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Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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- Teacher spread
- 0.269 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
Relieving phosphorus loading is a key management tool for controlling Lake Erie eutrophication. During the 1960s and 1970s, increased phosphorus inputs degraded water quality and reduced central basin hypolimnetic oxygen levels which, in turn, eliminated thermal habitat vital to cold-water organisms and contributed to the extirpation of important benthic macroinvertebrate prey species for fishes. In response to load reductions initiated in 1972, Lake Erie responded quickly with reduced water-column phosphorus concentrations, phytoplankton biomass, and bottom-water hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 2 mg/l). Since the mid-1990s, cyanobacteria blooms increased and extensive hypoxia and benthic algae returned. We synthesize recent research leading to guidance for addressing this re-eutrophication, with particular emphasis on central basin hypoxia. We document recent trends in key eutrophication-related properties, assess their likely ecological impacts, and develop load response curves to guide revised hypoxia-based loading targets called for in the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Reducing central basin hypoxic area to levels observed in the early 1990s (ca. 2000 km2) requires cutting total phosphorus loads by 46% from the 2003–2011 average or reducing dissolved reactive phosphorus loads by 78% from the 2005–2011 average. Reductions to these levels are also protective of fish habitat. We provide potential approaches for achieving those new loading targets, and suggest that recent load reduction recommendations focused on western basin cyanobacteria blooms may not be sufficient to reduce central basin hypoxia to 2000 km2.
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The record
- Venue
- Journal of Great Lakes Research
- Topic
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Field
- Environmental Science
- Canadian institutions
- —
- Funders
- U.S. Army Corps of EngineersNational Institute of Food and AgricultureU.S. Geological SurveyJoyce FoundationU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Department of AgricultureNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyCenter for Sponsored Coastal Ocean ResearchNational Science Foundation
- Keywords
- EutrophicationHypoxia (environmental)Environmental scienceBenthic zoneWater qualityAlgal bloomWater columnPhytoplanktonHypolimnionStructural basinEcologyHydrology (agriculture)OceanographyNutrientBiologyChemistryGeologyOxygen
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes