Abortion in Turkey: women in rural areas and the law
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Worldwide, an estimated 529 000 girls and women die of pregnancy-related causes each year, about one every minute, and many times that number suffer long-term injuries and disabilities. Ninety-nine percent of all maternal deaths occur in the developing world.1–5 Direct causes of pregnancy-related deaths worldwide are: Abortion is a sensitive and contentious issue with religious, moral, cultural, and political dimensions. It is also a public health concern in many parts of the world. More than one-quarter of the world's people live in countries where the procedure is prohibited or permitted only to save the woman's life. Yet, regardless of legal status, abortions still occur, and nearly half of them are performed by an unskilled practitioner or in less than sanitary conditions, or both. WHO defines an unsafe abortion as ‘a procedure for terminating an unwanted pregnancy either by persons lacking the necessary skills or in an environment lacking the minimal medical standards, or both’. When abortion is performed by qualified people using correct techniques in sanitary conditions, it is very safe. Worldwide, nearly one in 10 pregnancies ends in unsafe abortion. But this is a global estimate, combining countries where abortion is safe and legal with those where it is restricted and often unsafe. In low-income countries, women have an average of one unsafe abortion during their reproductive lives.3,6–8 Turkey is currently the most populous country in the Middle East and one of the 20 most populous countries in the world. Women constitute 36.1 million of the population, and half of this number is of reproductive age. Each year approximately 1.5 million births take place and 728–1000 mothers die due to pregnancy-, delivery-, and birth-related …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".