Predominantly σ‐Bonded Metal Carbonyl Cations (σ‐Carbonyls): New Synthetic, Structural, and Bonding Concepts in Metal Carbonyl Chemistry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Predominantly sigma-bonded metal carbonyl cations (sigma-carbonyls) are conveniently generated in the Lewis superacid SbF(5) or the conjugate Brønsted-Lewis superacid HFbondSbF(5), primarily by solvolytic or reductive carbonylations. Thermally stable salts are formed with the fluoroantimonate(V) ions [SbF(6)](-) and [Sb(2)F(11)](-). The salts are characterised by analytical, structural, spectroscopic and computational methods. Most homoleptic carbonyl cations have very regular geometries, comensurate with their d-electron configurations: linear (d(10)), square planar (d(8)) or octahedral(d(6)). The cations with metals in oxidation states of +2 or +3 are termed "superelectrophilic". Extended molecular structures form by significant interionic C-F contacts with electrophilic carbon as acceptor. To account for all experimental observations, a conceptually simple synergetic bonding model is proposed. An outlook at anticipated future developments based on very recent results is provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".