Inflammatory profile in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with headache as a manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to define the cytokine and chemokine profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with headache as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). METHODS: In a post hoc analysis, seven patients hospitalized because of headache were included. Patients were evaluated at hospitalization and 6 months later and a CSF sample was obtained. As controls, CSF from 27 patients with other NPSLE syndromes, 16 SLE patients without a history of NP manifestations (non-NPSLE) and 25 patients with non-autoimmune diseases were studied. Soluble molecules including cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-α and IFN-γ) and chemokines [monocyte chemotactic protein-1, RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), IL-8, monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG), and IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10)] were measured with the use of cytometric bead array kits or luminometry. RESULTS: Patients with headache had increased CSF values in the following molecules compared with non-NPSLE and non-autoimmune diseases patients, respectively: IL-6 (208.5, 3.0, 3.0 pg/ml, P < 0.004 and P < 0.001), IL-8 (406.6, 30.0, 19.7 pg/ml, P < 0.05 and P < 0.004), IP-10 (4673, 329.7, 113.6 pg/ml, P = 0.02 and P < 0.002), RANTES (7.5, 2.5, 2.2 pg/ml, P < 0.003 for both) and MIG (944.7, 11.4, 3.5 pg/ml, P = 0.02 and P = 0.001). No clear difference was observed between patients with headache and other NPSLE. Higher levels of inflammatory molecules were found in patients with headache from intracranial hypertension and intractable non-specific headache than patients with migraine. Six months later, when the headache had resolved, all the elevated molecule levels had decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Headache from intracranial hypertension and intractable non-specific headache, but not migraine, share the inflammatory profile in CSF observed in other NPSLE syndromes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".