Hydroformylation of high‐molecular‐weight <i>cis</i>‐1,4‐polybutadiene catalyzed by HRH(CO)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The kinetics of the hydroformylation of high‐molecular‐weight cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene in the presence of HRh(CO)(PPh3)3 and monochlorobenzene as a solvent were studied. The degree of conversion was examined by spectroscopic characterization with Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐NMR analysis. According to the 24‐factorial experimental design, the temperature, catalyst concentration, and pressure appear to be significant factors for the hydroformylation of cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene. The kinetic studies indicated that the hydroformylation was first‐order with respect to the catalyst and carbon–carbon double‐bond concentrations and H2/CO pressure (1:1 ratio). The effects of the H2/CO ratio in the synthesis gas and added triphenyl phosphine were also studied. The apparent activation energy for the hydroformylation of cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene over the temperature range of 60–80°C was estimated to be 41 kJ/mol. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 854–869, 2004
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".