Community-dwelling older adults with hearing loss experience greater decline in cognitive function over time than those with normal hearing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Commentary on: Lin FR, Yaffe K, Xia J, et al. Hearing loss and cognitive decline in older adults. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:293–9.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] As the world's ageing population increases, rates of incident vascular and Alzheimer-type dementias in the USA are projected to nearly triple from their 2010 levels by 2050.1 ARHL is also expected to increase sharply from the 48 million Americans who currently suffer from hearing loss.2 Demonstrating an independent association of ARHL with cognitive impairment and resultant dementia, as Lin and colleagues … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D173%26rft.spage%253D293%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjamainternmed.2013.1868%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23337978%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1868&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23337978&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F17%2F2%2F60.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000319610400009&link_type=ISI
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.049 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".