A quasi-resonant bi-directional tri-mode DC-DC converter with limited valley current
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work targets non-isolated, bi-directional dc-dc converters for hybrid energy-storage systems in light electric vehicles. Three operating modes are used to achieve high-efficiency over the full load range based on the inductor current constraints. The highest switching frequency is used near the rated current in order to limit the peak inductor current and avoid saturation. Soft-switching ZVS turn-on is achieved on both transistors in the mid-load range, where the frequency is automatically controlled to maintain a fixed dead-time and near-constant negative inductor valley-current. Pulse-frequency-modulation is used at light-load conditions for improved efficiency. A 2 kW two-phase bi-directional dc-dc converter prototype was implemented to demonstrate the tri-mode operation. The converter operates with an input voltage of 50 V and an output voltage of 100 V. Using the proposed tri-mode control scheme, a peak efficiency of 97.5% is achieved while a minimum efficiency of 88% is maintained over the full load range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".