Compatibility of a natural enemy, <i>Coleomegilla maculata lengi</i> (Col., Coccinellidae) and four insecticides used against the Colorado potato beetle (Col., Chrysomelidae)
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: The toxicity of four insecticides used to control the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), imidacloprid (Admire ® ), cryolite (Kryocide ® ), cyromazine (Trigard ® ), and Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (Novodor ® ), to one of its natural enemies, the 12‐spotted lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was determined in the laboratory. Toxicity assays against C. maculata adults and larvae consisted of (1) topical applications and (2) exposures to treated foliage and prey, using concentrations up to 10 times the manufacturer's recommendations. Over a 6‐day period, cyromazine (insect growth regulator) and B. t . var. tenebrionis (microbial insecticide) had no lethal effects on first and third instars C. maculata . For both larval and adult stages, cryolite (inorganic insecticide) caused very low predator mortality when topically applied and moderate mortality when ingested through contaminated eggs of Colorado potato beetles. Imidacloprid (systemic organic insecticide) was highly toxic to adult and larval C. maculata . Its estimated LD 50 at 6 days following treatment, corresponded to 0.02–0.09 times the recommended field concentration, depending on the developmental stage and mode of contamination. These results indicate that integrated pest management programmes for Colorado potato beetles using imidacloprid or, to a lesser degree, cryolite, would be detrimental to C. maculata . Cyromazine and B. t . var. tenebrionis seem to present a better compatibility with the protection of C. maculata populations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it