Subcellular localization of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase in developing wheat endosperm and analysis of the properties of a plastidial isoform
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The intracellular location of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in wheat during endosperm development was investigated by analysis of the recovery of marker enzymes from amyloplast preparations. Amyloplast preparations contained 20-28% of the total endosperm activity of two plastidial marker enzymes and less than 0.8% of the total endosperm activity of two cytosolic marker enzymes. Amylo plasts prepared at various stages of development, from 8-30 d post anthesis, contained between 2% and 10% of the total AGPase activity; this implies that between 7% and 40% of the AGPase in wheat endosperm is plastidial during this period of development. Two proteins were recognized by antibodies to both the large and small subunits of wheat AGPase. The larger of the two AGPases was the major form of the enzyme in whole cell extracts, and the smaller, less abundant, form of AGPase was enriched in plastid preparations. The results are consistent with data from other graminaceous endosperms, suggesting that there are distinct plastidial and cytosolic isoforms of AGPase composed of different subunits. The plastidial isoform of AGPase from wheat endosperm is relatively insensitive to the allosteric regulators 3-phosphoglycerate and inorganic orthophos phate compared with plastidial AGPase from other species. Amyloplast AGPase showed no sensitivity to physiological concentrations of inorganic orthophosphate. 15 mM 3-phosphoglycerate caused no stimulation of the pyrophosphorolytic reaction, and only 2-fold stimulation of the ADPglucose synthesizing reaction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it