Near‐Infrared Emission Quantum Yield of Soluble Short Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soluble short single-walled carbon nanotubes in aerated D(2)O emit in the near-infrared (NIR) region [picture: see text] with a quantum yield of (3.9+/-0.5) x10(-3) and a half-life of 7.65 micros. This emission is quenched by electron- acceptor molecules. Soluble short single-walled carbon nanotubes (sSWNT) are prepared by means of chemical fragmentation and purification of commercial SWNTs. The average length of the nanotubes, as estimated by microscopy, is 400 nm. Infrared spectroscopy studies reveal the presence of a significant population of carboxyl groups. The thermogravimetric profile of an sSWNT shows that this material is hydrophilic, contains carboxyl groups, and is almost free from inorganic impurities. In D(2)O solution, the obtained sSWNTs emit in the near-infrared (NIR) region with a quantum yield of (3.9+/-0.5)x10(-3), determined using the 1270 nm singlet oxygen emission as a reference standard. The temporal profile can be fitted with first-order kinetics and a half-life of 13.9 micros. The NIR emission is quenched through a static mechanism by 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium (TP(+)), a typical electron acceptor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".