Usefulness of Cytokeratin 5/6 and AMACR Applied as Double Sequential Immunostains for Diagnostic Assessment of Problematic Prostate Specimens
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We evaluated the usefulness of double immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (CK)5/6 and alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) applied sequentially on 1 slide by assessing 223 foci in 110 consecutive prostate specimens. Double-chromogen reaction was used to visualize the antibodies: brown for CK5/6 and red for AMACR. Staining was scored as diffuse, focal, or negative. To establish the diagnosis, CK5/6 and AMACR were correlated with the morphologic features. All cancers lacked CK5/6 staining (100% specificity). AMACR showed diffuse or focal positivity in cancer, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and atypia in 96.8% (120/124), 85% (22/26), and 80% (16/20) of cases, respectively. In atypical cases, diagnosis was because of non-immunohistochemical staining reasons in 80% of cases. In adenosis (n = 14), AMACR was diffusely positive in 4 cases (29%). Double immunohistochemical staining for CK5/6 and AMACR is a simple assay to perform and may be used as an alternative to antibody cocktails for routine evaluation of problematic prostate specimens.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it