Sol-gel PZT thick films for ultrasonic imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ultrasound transducers for B-mode medical imaging are typically operated between 1 and 10 MHz. Research has been directed towards developing transducers that are sensitive in the 10-100 MHz range because a number of clinical problems require higher resolution than can be achieved at the lower frequencies. Using a modified sol-gel technique developed at Queen's University, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films of 45/spl plusmn/5 /spl mu/m in thickness have been successfully coated on aluminum foil. The technique allows the fabrication of thin films of arbitrary thickness in the range of 1 to 60 /spl mu/m. This PZT provides an alternative transducer material in the 10-100 MHz range and may also produce sensitive transducers operating above 100 MHz. This will increase the available resolution of ultrasound backscatter microscopy and narrows the gap between lower resolution clinical systems and high resolution transmission scanning acoustic microscopy. The evaluation of the electrical and mechanical properties of these PZT films and the ability to pattern them are described.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".