A Study on the Forted Village System and Rural Social Order Rebuilding of Qinling-Dabashan Area in the Middle of Qing Dynasty
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Located in the border of Sichuan, Shanxi, and Hubei administrative regions, Qinling-Dabashan area(area between Moutain Qin and Mountain Daba) is generally considered hard to govern. As large numbers of immigrants flooded into this area in Kangxi and Qianlong period, social contradictions became increasingly irreconcilable, leading to the outbreak of the white lotus rebellion in early Jiaqing period, which not only posed a heavy blow to the ruling of the Qing government, but also collapsed the rural social order once in this area. Since Emperor Jiaqing took office, ways of dealing with the white lotus society had changed from simply suppress to nurturing local troops and building forted villages. Through the discussion on the building process, spatial construction, internal order, role and influence of the forted village, we can conclude that it had not only prevent the wars, but also strengthened the government’s ruling on this area, which thus became an important means for the Qing Government to preserve local ruling in turmoil periods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".