Technical and Economic Assessment of Hybrid Energy Systems in South-West Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The technical and economic assessment of using hybrid energy system for electricity generation in rural communities in the south-west of Nigeria is investigated in this study. Renewable resources (wind and solar data) in Ibadan located on the latitude of 7.43 °N and longitude 3.91 °E are used. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable software has been employed to carry out the present study. It was found that Wind-PV-Generator-Battery hybrid system is most suitable option as stand-alone electricity generating system in Ibadan. The optimal simulation results indicate that the levelised cost of energy for this hybrid energy system varies between $0.437/kWh and $0.606/kWh depending on the diesel price. These costs are significantly lower than the cost of using diesel generator only (without battery) which varies between $0.607 and $0.940 per kWh. It was further observed that there is a significant reduction in emission produced if hybrid energy system is used instead of only generator based energy system. The most suitable hybrid systems in other locations in southwest Nigeria can be identified from the optimal energy system plots provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".